Kuvura hejuru yibikoresho byimodoka bivuga ibikorwa byinganda zirimo kuvura umubare munini wibyuma hamwe na plastike nkeyaIbigizekubirwanya ruswa, kwambara birwanya, no gushushanya kugirango bongere imikorere yabo nuburanga, bityo byuzuze ibyo umukoresha asabwa. Kuvura hejuru yibigize ibinyabiziga bikubiyemo inzira zitandukanye, nko kuvura amashanyarazi, gutwikira, kuvura imiti, kuvura ubushyuhe, nuburyo bwa vacuum. Ubuso bwo kuvuraibinyabiziganinganda zingenzi zunganira inganda zikora amamodoka, zifite uruhare runini mukuzamura ubuzima bwa serivisi yibigize ibinyabiziga, kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga, no kuzamura ubwiza n’umutekano by’imodoka.
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu itsinda ry’ubujyanama rya Shangpu, mu mwaka wa 2018, ingano y’isoko ry’imiti yo mu Bushinwa itunganya ibinyabiziga yari miliyari 18.67 y’amayero, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 4.2%. Muri 2019, kubera ingaruka z’intambara y’ubucuruzi yo muri Sino yo muri Amerika no kugabanuka kwiterambere ry’inganda zikora amamodoka, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’isoko ry’inganda zitunganya ibinyabiziga bitinze, umuvuduko w’isoko muri rusange ugera kuri miliyari 19.24, wiyongereyeho 3,1% umwaka ushize. Muri 2020, yibasiwe na COVID-19, umusaruro w’imodoka n’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara, bituma igabanuka ry’ibikenerwa mu nganda zitunganya ibinyabiziga. Ingano yisoko yari miliyari 17,85 yuan, yagabanutseho 7.2% umwaka ushize. Mu 2022, isoko ry’inganda ryiyongereye kugera kuri miliyari 22.76, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bwa 5.1%. Biteganijwe ko mu mpera za 2023, ingano y’isoko ry’inganda izarushaho kwiyongera igera kuri miliyari 24.99, umwaka ushize wiyongera 9.8%.
Kuva mu 2021, hamwe no kunoza uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo no kwihutisha ubukungu, umusaruro w’imodoka n’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byageze ku iterambere ryihuse no kuzamuka. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu itsinda ry’ubujyanama rya Shangpu, mu 2022, isoko ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa ryakomeje kugenda ryiyongera kandi ryiyongera, aho ibicuruzwa n’igurisha byageze kuri miliyoni 27.021 na miliyoni 26.864, byiyongereyeho 3,4% na 2,1% umwaka ushize. Muri byo, isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi ryitwaye neza, aho umusaruro no kugurisha miliyoni 23.836 na miliyoni 23.563, byiyongereyeho 11.2% na 9.5% umwaka ushize, urenga miliyoni 20 mu myaka 8 ikurikiranye. Bitewe nibi, icyifuzo cy’inganda zitunganya ibinyabiziga zitunganya ibinyabiziga nacyo cyongeye kwiyongera, aho isoko ryingana na miliyari 19.76 Yuan, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 10.7%.
Urebye imbere, Shang Pu Consulting yizera ko inganda zo mu Bushinwa zitunganya ibinyabiziga zizakomeza kwiyongera mu 2023, ahanini biterwa n’ibi bikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, umusaruro no kugurisha ibinyabiziga byongeye kwiyongera. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kurushaho kugirira icyizere abaguzi, ndetse n’ingamba za politiki n’ingamba zashyizweho n’igihugu mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’imodoka, biteganijwe ko umusaruro w’imodoka n’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa bizakomeza gukomeza kwiyongera mu 2023, bigere ku modoka zigera kuri miliyoni 30, umwaka ushize wiyongera hafi 5%. Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga no kugurisha bizafasha mu buryo butaziguye ubwiyongere bukenewe bw’inganda zitunganya ibinyabiziga.
Iya kabiri niyongerekana ryibinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Hamwe na politiki y’igihugu ishyigikiwe n’iterambere ry’isoko ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ndetse no kurushaho gukenera ingufu z’ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije, n’ubutasi ku baguzi, biteganijwe ko umusaruro n’igurisha ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Bushinwa bizagera kuri miliyoni 8 mu 2023, umwaka ushize ukiyongera hafi 20%. Imodoka nshya zifite ingufu zisabwa cyane kugirango zivurwe hejuru yibice, nkibipaki ya batiri, moteri, igenzura rya elegitoronike nibindi bice byingenzi, bisaba kuvurwa hejuru nko kurwanya ruswa, kutirinda amazi, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryihuse ryimodoka nshya zizazana amahirwe menshi muruganda rutunganya ibinyabiziga.
Icya gatatu, politiki yo kongera gukoraibice by'imodokani byiza. Ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2020, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yavuze ko hari byinshi byahinduwe kandi binonosorwa ingamba zafashwe mu rwego rwo kongera gukora moteri.ibice by'imodoka. Ibi bivuze kandi ko ingamba za politiki zitegerejwe kuva kera kugirango ibice byongera umusaruro bizihutishwa, bizazana inyungu zikomeye muruganda. Kongera gukora ibice byimodoka bivuga inzira yo gukora isuku, kugerageza, gusana, no gusimbuza ibice byimodoka byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse kugirango bigarure imikorere yumwimerere cyangwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Kongera gukora ibice byimodoka birashobora kuzigama umutungo, kugabanya ibiciro, no kugabanya umwanda, ibyo bikaba bijyanye nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyo kubungabunga ingufu zigihugu no kurengera ibidukikije. Igikorwa cyo kongera gukora ibice byimodoka gikubiyemo uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya hejuru yubutaka, nkubuhanga bwogukora isuku, tekinoroji yambere yo kuvura, tekinoroji yihuta yo gutera imiti ya tekinoroji, tekinoroji yo mu bwoko bwa supersonic plasma yo gutera, tekinoroji ya spersonic flame spray, tekinoroji yo hejuru yerekana ibyuma byongera ingufu, nibindi.
Iya kane ni ugutezimbere tekinolojiya ninzira nshya. Inganda 4.0, iyobowe n’inganda zifite ubwenge, kuri ubu ni icyerekezo cyo guhindura inganda z’Ubushinwa. Kugeza ubu, urwego rusange rw’ibikorwa by’inganda zikora amamodoka mu Bushinwa ruri hejuru cyane, ariko hariho itandukaniro hagati y’ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda zitunganya ibinyabiziga ndetse n’urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rikora ibinyabiziga. Ubuso bwo gushimangira ibice byimodoka zo murugo bishingiye cyane cyane kubikorwa gakondo, kandi urwego rwo kwikora ruri hasi. Hamwe nogutezimbere no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya nka robo yinganda na interineti yinganda, inzira nshya nka robot electrostatike yo gutera, kuvura laser, kuvura ion, hamwe na firime ya molekile bigenda bitezwa imbere mubikorwa byinganda, kandi urwego rusange rwa tekiniki rwinganda ruzinjira murwego rushya. Ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe nibikorwa ntibishobora gusa kunoza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no gukora neza, kugabanya ibiciro n’umwanda, ariko kandi birashobora no guhuza ibyifuzo byabakiriya byihariye kandi bitandukanye, bikazamura ubushobozi bwibigo.
Muri make, Shangpu Consulting iteganya ko ingano y’isoko ry’inganda zitunganya ibinyabiziga by’Ubushinwa zizagera kuri miliyari 22 mu 2023, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 5.6%. Inganda zifite icyerekezo kinini cyiterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2023
